Layout Grid

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The layout grid provides a 12-column, responsive, mobile-first, class-based grid system built using flexbox with alignment and arrangement utilities.

Overview

Responsive

The layout grid includes five breakpoints—0 (default), 600, 768, 1000, and 1200—to configure your layout across viewport widths.

Mobile First

A mobile-first approach means that you start with the smallest breakpoint first and configure what changes as viewport width increases. In code, this is achieved by using min-width media queries.

Class Based

Classes like mds-layout-grid-XXX apply to grid markup to designate how content is laid out across breakpoints.

Flexbox Based

The layout grid uses flexbox to arrange rows and columns and align and distribute content.

Grid Structure

Initialize a layout grid with the mds-layout-grid class, and then add rows, defined as mds-layout-grid__row, and columns within each row, defined as mds-layout-grid__col.

Grid Structure

1 of 3 Columns

2 of 3 Columns

3 of 3 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">2 of 3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">3 of 3 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

mds-layout-grid__row elements contain columns.
mds-layout-grid__col elements contain content (or other rows, see Nesting) and must be immediate children of rows.
By default, column widths are set in percentages, sized fluidly relative to their parent.
Gutters (the space between columns) are included by adding $mds-space-2x (16px) of left and right padding to each column, resulting in 32px of space.
A negative margin applied automatically to the row removes padding to the left of the first column and right of the last column.

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid`	`<div>`	Initializes a layout grid to contain rows and columns.
`mds-layout-grid__row`	`<div>`	Initializes a new row in the layout grid, used to contain columns.
`mds-layout-grid__col`	`<div>`	Initializes a new column and must be an immediate child of a row, used to contain content or other rows (see Nesting.) Append responsive classes after this base class to define breakpoint-specific behaviors.

Breakpoints

The layout grid includes five default breakpoints to target common devices and viewport sizes.

Name	Viewport Size	Gutter Size	Class	Applies To
0	<600px	32px	`mds-layout-grid__col`	n/a (Default)
600	≥600px	32px	`mds-layout-grid__col--at-600`	`mds-layout-grid__col`
768	≥768px	32px	`mds-layout-grid__col--at-768`	`mds-layout-grid__col`
1000	≥1000px	32px	`mds-layout-grid__col--at-1000`	`mds-layout-grid__col`
1200	≥1200px	32px	`mds-layout-grid__col--at-1200`	`mds-layout-grid__col`

Breakpoints use min-width media queries.
Breakpoints cascade up through larger breakpoints. For example, mds-layout-grid__col--at-768 will affect the layout at the 768, 1000, and 1200 breakpoints, but not the 0 or 600 breakpoints.

Columns

Equal Width (Default)

By default, columns distribute equally within a row.

Equal Width (Default)

1 of 3 columns (33.3%)

1 of 2 columns (50%)

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 3 columns (33.3%)</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 3 columns (33.3%)</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 3 columns (33.3%)</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 2 columns (50%)</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 2 columns (50%)</div>
    </div>
</div>

Apply equal-width behavior to columns at each breakpoints by appending a class name with a specific breakpoint. For example, mds-layout-grid__col--at-768 will apply equal-width behavior at the 768 breakpoint.

Proportional Width

Define proportional widths for each columns by declaring the proportion of 12 within a column’s class.

Proportional Width

4 of 12 Columns

6 of 12 Columns

2 of 12 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 of 12 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--6">6 of 12 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--2">2 of 12 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Apply proportional widths for columns at varying breakpoints by appending your class name with a specific breakpoint. For example, mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-768 will span 6 of 12 columns at the 768 breakpoint.
Intermingle proportional-width columns with equal-width columns, as needed.

Content-based Width

Allow a column to resize based on the width of its content by using auto in place of a proportional column width.

Content-based Width

Automatic Column

2 Columns

This column is defined by the width of its content.

2 Columns

This column is defined by the width of its content.

2 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Automatic Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--2">2 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--auto">This column is defined by the width of its content.</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-center">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--2">2 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--auto">This column is defined by the width of its content.</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--2">2 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Apply content-based widths for columns at varying breakpoints by appending your class name with a specific breakpoint. For example, mds-layout-grid__col--auto-at-768 will use a content-based width at the 768 breakpoint.
Intermingle with equal-width and proportional-width columns, as needed.

Offsetting

Add modifier classes on columns to offset them in column increments.

Offsetting

Pull

Push

Pull & Push

Squeeze

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--pull-9">Pull</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--push-6">Push</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--push-3 mds-layout-grid__col--pull-4">Pull & Push</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--squeeze-2">Squeeze</div>
    </div>
</div>

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__col--pull-[# of Columns]`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Applies right margin in column increments by setting a number of columns from 0 to 11.
`mds-layout-grid__col--push-[# of Columns]`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Applies left margin in column increments by setting a number of columns from 0 to 11.
`mds-layout-grid__col--squeeze-[# of Columns]`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Applies right and left margin equally in column increments by setting a number of columns from 0 to 5 (as it applies to both sides evenly.)

Add pull, push, and squeeze behaviors to responsive columns to target specific breakpoints. For example, mds-grid__col--pull-6-at-600 mds-grid__col--pull-9-at-1000 will apply different pull behaviors at the 600 and 900 breakpoints.

Wrapping

Add modifier classes on rows to control column wrapping behavior.

Wrap (Default)

By default, a row that contains more than 12 columns of content will wrap to multiple lines within the row.

Wrap (Default)

3 Columns

5 Columns

7 Columns

3 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--5">5 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--7">7 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Use the default wrapping behavior to create a gallery-like display of equal width <div> elements by placing them all within a single row and allowing them to wrap to multiple lines.

No Wrap

Add the mds-layout-grid__row--nowrap modifier class to a row to prevent overflow columns from wrapping to multiple lines.

No Wrap

6 Columns

4 Columns

4 Columns—Columns beyond the available 12 are not visible

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--nowrap">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--6">6 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns—Columns beyond the available 12 are not visible</div>
    </div>
</div>

Any columns that exceed the available 12 columns are hidden.

Nesting

Nest a row within a column, with each nested row containing a total of 12 grid columns.

Nesting

9 Columns

4 Columns

3 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--9">
            9 Columns
            <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
                <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
                <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
                <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--3">3 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Zeroing Margins & Gutters

Add modifier classes to columns and rows to zero the padding and margin used to create gutters.

Zeroing Margin Outside Outermost Columns

Apply the mds-layout-grid__row--zero-margin modifier class to mds-layout-grid__row to zero the negative margin from the left and right edge of that row, resulting in 16px padding to the left of the first column and the right of the last column.

Removing Margin

1 of 2 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--zero-margin">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 2 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">1 of 2 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Zeroing Gutters Between Columns

Apply the mds-layout-grid__row--zero-margin modifier class to mds-layout-grid__row and the mds-layout-grid__col--zero-padding modifier class to mds-layout-grid__col within that row to zero the gutters between columns, allowing content to flow to the edge.

Removing Gutters

1 of 2 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--zero-margin">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--zero-padding">1 of 2 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--zero-padding">1 of 2 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__row--zero-margin`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Zeroes out the −16px margin applied to the row.
`mds-layout-grid__col--zero-padding`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Zeroes out the 16px left and right padding applied to the column.

Responsiveness

Add modifier classes to columns to configure column widths at different breakpoints.

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__col--[# of Columns]`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Defines the number of columns out of 12 for a column to span at the 0 breakpoint.
`mds-layout-grid__col--[# of Columns]-at-600`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Defines the number of columns out of 12 for a column to span at the 600 breakpoint.
`mds-layout-grid__col--[# of Columns]-at-768`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Defines the number of columns out of 12 for a column to span at the 768 breakpoint.
`mds-layout-grid__col--[# of Columns]-at-1000`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Defines the number of columns out of 12 for a column to span at the 1000 breakpoint.
`mds-layout-grid__col--[# of Columns]-at-1200`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Defines the number of columns out of 12 for a column to span at the 1200 breakpoint.

Breakpoint-based Layouts

Use a combination of column classes to adjust the layout of the grid across different breakpoints. For example:

<div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-1200">

This div will span 12 grid columns at the 0 and 600 breakpoints, 6 grid columns at the 768 and 1000 breakpoints, and 4 grid columns at the 1200 breakpoint.

Resize your browser window to see how the example below reacts.

Breakpoint-based Layout

Column

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--2-at-1000 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1200">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--9-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--8-at-1000 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-1200">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--2-at-1000 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1200">Column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--at-1200">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--at-1200">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--at-1200">Column</div>
    </div>
</div>

Breakpoint-based Layout

Column

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--12 mds-layout-grid__col--6-at-600 mds-layout-grid__col--4-at-768 mds-layout-grid__col--3-at-1000">Column</div>
    </div>
</div>

Alignment

Horizontal

When a row contains fewer than 12 columns, align and distribute columns horizontally by adding modifier classes to rows to leverage flexbox’s justify-content property.

Horizontal Alignment

4 Columns

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-flex-start">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-center">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-flex-end">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-space-around">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-space-between">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--4">4 Columns</div>
    </div>
</div>

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__row`	n/a (Default)	Aligns columns within a row to the left edge by applying `justify-content: flex-start`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-center`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Centers columns within a row by applying `justify-content: center`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-end`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Aligns columns within a row to the right edge by applying `justify-content: flex-end`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-space-around`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Distributes columns within a row evenly with equal space around them by applying `justify-content: space-around`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--justify-content-space-between`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Distributes columns within a row evenly, with the first column aligned to the left edge and the last column aligned to the right edge, by applying `justify-content: space-between`.

Vertical

Align an entire row of columns vertically by adding modifier classes to rows to leverage flexbox’s align-items property.

Vertical Alignment

Default Row Behavior

Flex Start

Center

Flex End

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Default Row Behavior</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Default Row Behavior</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-flex-start">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Flex Start</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Flex Start</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-center">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Center</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Center</div>
    </div>
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-flex-end">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Flex End</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col">Flex End</div>
    </div>
</div>

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__row`	n/a (Default)	Stretches columns to fill the full height of a row by applying `align-items: stretch`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-flex-start`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Aligns columns to the top of a row by applying `align-items: flex-start`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-center`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Centrally aligns columns within a row by applying `align-items: center`.
`mds-layout-grid__row--align-items-flex-end`	`mds-layout-grid__row`	Aligns columns to the bottom of a row by applying `align-items: flex-end`.

Align an individual column within a row vertically by adding modifier classes to columns to leverage flexbox’s align-self property.

Vertical Alignment

Flex Start

Center

Flex End

<div class="mds-layout-grid">
    <div class="mds-layout-grid__row">
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-flex-start">Flex Start</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-center">Center</div>
        <div class="mds-layout-grid__col mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-flex-end">Flex End</div>
    </div>
</div>

Class	Applies To	Outcome
`mds-layout-grid__row`	n/a (Default)	Applies `align-self: auto`, meaning columns will follow the row behavior defined using `align-items`.
`mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-flex-start`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Aligns a single column to the top of a row by applying `align-self: flex-start`.
`mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-center`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Centrally aligns a single column within a row by applying `align-self: center`.
`mds-layout-grid__col--align-self-flex-end`	`mds-layout-grid__col`	Aligns a single column to the bottom of a row by applying `align-self: flex-end`.

Examples

Full Page Examples

Demonstrates all of the grid column and alignment behaviors. Resize the browser window to see the breakpoint-based layouts react.

Explore Live Demo

Layout grid demonstration page with all column and alignment behaviors.

Content Layout

View a full page demo of realistic content using the layout grid, Page Shell, Masthead and Site Navigation components. Resize the browser window to see the site respond through device viewports.

Explore Live Demo

Realistic content demonstration using Layout Grid, Page Shell, Masthead and Site Navigation.

Link Template